Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition that can affect the ability of a person to maintain an erection. Along with affecting their self confidence, it also often affects their sexual partner. Some cases are situational and short-term, while others have underlying health conditions that may contribute to long-term symptoms. Appropriate medical treatment can reverse many forms of ED.

CAUSES

Temporary erectile dysfunction often stems from a behavioral choice or circumstance. For instance, smoking, unhealthy eating, and obesity can cause inflammation in the blood vessels, which are essential to blood flow to the penis. In some men, ongoing stress might be to blame because it increases epinephrine, causing blood vessels and muscles to constrict instead of relaxing. Making a few lifestyle changes or dealing with the source of stress can help address ED.

Long-term ED is generally more difficult to reverse because it often comes from a chronic medical condition like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury. The effects of some depression or blood pressure medicines could also contribute to long-term ED if taken for an extensive period. Other causes of persistent ED include:

  • Nerve damage

  • Parkinson’s disease

  • Penile tissue damage

  • Peyronie’s disease

SYMPTOMS

Erectile dysfunction can manifest differently depending on the patient. For example, some patients have trouble achieving an erection, while others achieve one but cannot maintain it during sexual activity. Other men with ED have little to no sexual desire. In addition, ED can get linked to other sex-related conditions, such as delayed or premature ejaculation or anorgasmia, which is difficulty reaching orgasm after sufficient stimulation.

TREATMENTS

Erectile dysfunction can often improve with proper medical care. Patients can seek advice from their provider on making lifestyle or behavioral changes, such as:

  • Eating a healthier diet

  • Getting more exercise

  • Limiting alcohol consumption

  • Managing stress

  • Quitting smoking

In cases of long-term ED, medical intervention is often necessary. Several treatment options are available, including oral medication, penile suppositories, or self-injections. Testosterone replacement therapy can help men with hormonal imbalances. However, some drugs and treatments have side effects, and patients might need to try different medications before they find ones that work.

Patients who do not respond to medicines might consider vascular surgery, which repairs blocked arteries and restores blood flow. Another surgical option is the implant, such as a penile or prosthesis implant, which a patient adjusts manually into position during sex. An inflatable implant allows for pumping up the penis until it is erect.